Ethics Case 20-5 Softening the blow
Late one Thursday afternoon, Joy Martin, a veteran audit manager with a regional CPA firm, was reviewing documents for a long-time client of the firm, AMT Transport. The year-end audit was scheduled to begin Monday.
For three months, the economy had been in a down cycle and the transportation industry was particularly hard hit. As a result, Joy expected AMT's financial results would not be pleasant news to shareholders. However, what Joy saw in the preliminary statements made her sigh aloud. Results were much worse than she feared.
"Larry (the company president) already is in the doghouse with shareholders," Joy thought to herself. "When they see these numbers, they'll hang him out to dry."
"I wonder if he's considered some strategic accounting changes," she thought, after reflecting on the situation. "The bad news could be softened quite a bit by changing inventory methods from LIFO to FIFO or reconsidering some of the estimates used in other areas."
Required:
1. How would the actions contemplated contribute toward "softening" the bad news?
2. Do you perceive an ethical dilemma? What would be the likely impact of following up on Joy's thoughts? Who would benefit? Who would be injured?
Click here for the solution: Ethics Case 20-5 Softening the blow
Showing posts with label audit. Show all posts
Showing posts with label audit. Show all posts
Friday, September 25, 2015
Sunday, September 13, 2015
The PCAOB has the authority to set audit standards for all audits of public companies
2-60. (Audit Standards for NonPublic Companies, LO 5, 9, 10) The PCAOB has the authority to set audit standards for all audits of public companies. The AICPA continues to set audit standards for nonpublic companies through its auditing standards board.
Required:
a. What are the pros and cons of having the same audit standards for both public and nonpublic entities?
b. In what ways might you expect auditing standards for audits of nonpublic companies to differ from the standards for public companies? Identify three (there are not necessarily three right or wrong answers-this is an opinion and discussion question only). Identify the rationale for your answers.
c. A CPA is performing an audit of a local municipality. Where should the auditor look to determine audit standards that must be followed?
d. What role should an audit committee play in determining which standards an audit firm will use in auditing their company? Explain.
Click here for the solution: The PCAOB has the authority to set audit standards for all audits of public companies
Required:
a. What are the pros and cons of having the same audit standards for both public and nonpublic entities?
b. In what ways might you expect auditing standards for audits of nonpublic companies to differ from the standards for public companies? Identify three (there are not necessarily three right or wrong answers-this is an opinion and discussion question only). Identify the rationale for your answers.
c. A CPA is performing an audit of a local municipality. Where should the auditor look to determine audit standards that must be followed?
d. What role should an audit committee play in determining which standards an audit firm will use in auditing their company? Explain.
Click here for the solution: The PCAOB has the authority to set audit standards for all audits of public companies
For the following independent situations, assume that you are the audit partner on the engagement
Auditing P 3-28
For the following independent situations, assume that you are the audit partner on the engagement:
1. During your audit of Debold.com, Inc. you conclude that there is a possibility that inventory is materially overstated. The client refuses to allow you to expand the scope of your audit sufficiently to verify whether the balance is actually misstated.
2. Four weeks after the year-end date, a major customer of Prince Construction Co. declared bankruptcy. Because the customer had confirmed the balance due to Prince at the balance sheet date, management refuses to charge off the account or otherwise disclose the information. The receivable represents approximately 10% of accounts receivable and 20% of net earnings before taxes.
3. You complete the audit of Johnson Department Store, and in your opinion, the financial statements are fairly presented. On the last day of the audit, you discover that one of your supervisors assigned to the audit has a material investment in Johnson.
4. Auto Delivery Company has a fleet of several delivery trucks. In the past, Auto Delivery had followed the policy of purchasing all equipment. In the current year, they decided to lease the trucks. The method of accounting for the trucks is therefore changed to lease capitalization. This change in policy is fully disclosed in footnotes.
5. You are auditing Woodcolst Linen Services for the first time. Woodcolst has been in business for several years but has never had an audit before. After the audit is completed, you conclude that the current year balance sheet is stated correctly in accordance with GAAP. The client did not authorize you to do test work for any of the previous years.
6. You were engaged to audit the Cutter Steel Company's financial statements after the close of the corporation's fiscal year. Because you were not engaged until after the balance sheet date, you were not able to physically observe inventory, which is highly material. On the completion of your audit, you are satisfied that Cutter's financial statements are presented fairly, including inventory about which you were able to satisfy yourself by the use of alternative audit procedures.
For each situation, do the following:
a. Identify which of the conditions requiring a modification of or a deviation from an unqualified standard report is applicable.
b. State the level of materiality as immaterial, material, or highly material. If you cannot decide the level of materiality, state the additional information needed to make a decision.
c. Given your answers in parts a and b, sate the type of audit report that should be issued. If you have not decided on level of materiality in part b, state the appropriate report for each alternative materiality level.
Click here for the solution: For the following independent situations, assume that you are the audit partner on the engagement
For the following independent situations, assume that you are the audit partner on the engagement:
1. During your audit of Debold.com, Inc. you conclude that there is a possibility that inventory is materially overstated. The client refuses to allow you to expand the scope of your audit sufficiently to verify whether the balance is actually misstated.
2. Four weeks after the year-end date, a major customer of Prince Construction Co. declared bankruptcy. Because the customer had confirmed the balance due to Prince at the balance sheet date, management refuses to charge off the account or otherwise disclose the information. The receivable represents approximately 10% of accounts receivable and 20% of net earnings before taxes.
3. You complete the audit of Johnson Department Store, and in your opinion, the financial statements are fairly presented. On the last day of the audit, you discover that one of your supervisors assigned to the audit has a material investment in Johnson.
4. Auto Delivery Company has a fleet of several delivery trucks. In the past, Auto Delivery had followed the policy of purchasing all equipment. In the current year, they decided to lease the trucks. The method of accounting for the trucks is therefore changed to lease capitalization. This change in policy is fully disclosed in footnotes.
5. You are auditing Woodcolst Linen Services for the first time. Woodcolst has been in business for several years but has never had an audit before. After the audit is completed, you conclude that the current year balance sheet is stated correctly in accordance with GAAP. The client did not authorize you to do test work for any of the previous years.
6. You were engaged to audit the Cutter Steel Company's financial statements after the close of the corporation's fiscal year. Because you were not engaged until after the balance sheet date, you were not able to physically observe inventory, which is highly material. On the completion of your audit, you are satisfied that Cutter's financial statements are presented fairly, including inventory about which you were able to satisfy yourself by the use of alternative audit procedures.
For each situation, do the following:
a. Identify which of the conditions requiring a modification of or a deviation from an unqualified standard report is applicable.
b. State the level of materiality as immaterial, material, or highly material. If you cannot decide the level of materiality, state the additional information needed to make a decision.
c. Given your answers in parts a and b, sate the type of audit report that should be issued. If you have not decided on level of materiality in part b, state the appropriate report for each alternative materiality level.
Click here for the solution: For the following independent situations, assume that you are the audit partner on the engagement
The following represents a critical review of the documentation of a new auditor for the cash and marketable securities audit areas
12-46 Overview and Objectives of Audit Procedure
The following represents a critical review of the documentation of a new auditor for the cash and marketable securities audit areas. Several deficiencies are noted; they resulted in significant errors not being initially identified.
Required
For each item listed as follows:
a. Identify the audit procedure that would have detected the error.
b. Identify the basic financial assertion tested by the audit procedure.
Documentation Deficiencies and Financial Statement Misstatements
1. The client was in violation of important loan covenant agreements.
2. The client was engaged in a sophisticated kiting scheme involving transfers through five geographically disbursed branch offices.
3. The December cash register was held open until January 8.All receipts through that date were recorded as December sales and cash receipts. The receipts, however, were deposited daily.
4. Cash disbursements for December were written, but the checks were not mailed until January 10 because of a severe cash flow problem.
5. The client’s bank reconciliation included an incorrect amount as balance per the bank.
6. Approximately 25 percent of the cash receipts for December 26 and December 28 were recorded twice.
7. The client’s bank reconciliation covered up a clever fraud by the controller by incorrectly footing the outstanding checks and including fictitious checks as outstanding.
Click here for the solution: The following represents a critical review of the documentation of a new auditor for the cash and marketable securities audit areas
The following represents a critical review of the documentation of a new auditor for the cash and marketable securities audit areas. Several deficiencies are noted; they resulted in significant errors not being initially identified.
Required
For each item listed as follows:
a. Identify the audit procedure that would have detected the error.
b. Identify the basic financial assertion tested by the audit procedure.
Documentation Deficiencies and Financial Statement Misstatements
1. The client was in violation of important loan covenant agreements.
2. The client was engaged in a sophisticated kiting scheme involving transfers through five geographically disbursed branch offices.
3. The December cash register was held open until January 8.All receipts through that date were recorded as December sales and cash receipts. The receipts, however, were deposited daily.
4. Cash disbursements for December were written, but the checks were not mailed until January 10 because of a severe cash flow problem.
5. The client’s bank reconciliation included an incorrect amount as balance per the bank.
6. Approximately 25 percent of the cash receipts for December 26 and December 28 were recorded twice.
7. The client’s bank reconciliation covered up a clever fraud by the controller by incorrectly footing the outstanding checks and including fictitious checks as outstanding.
Click here for the solution: The following represents a critical review of the documentation of a new auditor for the cash and marketable securities audit areas
The following represents a critical review of the documentation of a new auditor for the cash and marketable securities audit areas
12-46 (Overview and Objectives of Audit Procedures) The following represents a critical review of the documentation of a new auditor for the cash and marketable securities audit areas. Several deficiencies are noted; they resulted in significant errors not being initially identified.
Required
For each item listed as follows:
a. Identify the audit procedure that would have detected the error.
b. Identify the basic financial assertion tested by the audit procedure.
Documentation Deficiencies and Financial Statement Misstatements
1. The client was in violation of important loan covenant agreements.
2. The client was engaged in a sophisticated kiting scheme involving transfers through five geographically disbursed branch offices.
3. The December cash register was held open until January 8.All receipts through that date were recorded as December sales and cash receipts.The receipts, however, were deposited daily.
4. Cash disbursements for December were written, but the checks were not mailed until January 10 because of a severe cash flow problem.
5. The client’s bank reconciliation included an incorrect amount as balance per the bank.
6. Approximately 25 percent of the cash receipts for December 26 and December 28 were recorded twice.
7. The client’s bank reconciliation covered up a clever fraud by the controller by incorrectly footing the outstanding checks and including fictitious checks as outstanding.
Click here for the solution: The following represents a critical review of the documentation of a new auditor for the cash and marketable securities audit areas
Required
For each item listed as follows:
a. Identify the audit procedure that would have detected the error.
b. Identify the basic financial assertion tested by the audit procedure.
Documentation Deficiencies and Financial Statement Misstatements
1. The client was in violation of important loan covenant agreements.
2. The client was engaged in a sophisticated kiting scheme involving transfers through five geographically disbursed branch offices.
3. The December cash register was held open until January 8.All receipts through that date were recorded as December sales and cash receipts.The receipts, however, were deposited daily.
4. Cash disbursements for December were written, but the checks were not mailed until January 10 because of a severe cash flow problem.
5. The client’s bank reconciliation included an incorrect amount as balance per the bank.
6. Approximately 25 percent of the cash receipts for December 26 and December 28 were recorded twice.
7. The client’s bank reconciliation covered up a clever fraud by the controller by incorrectly footing the outstanding checks and including fictitious checks as outstanding.
Click here for the solution: The following represents a critical review of the documentation of a new auditor for the cash and marketable securities audit areas
Friday, September 11, 2015
Allison, CPA has completed the audit of the financial statements of Optima Corporation as of and for the year ended December 31, 2009
Auditing P 3-27 Allison, CPA has completed the audit of the financial
statements of Optima Corporation as of and for the year ended December
31, 2009. Allison also audited and reported on the Optima financial
statements for the prior year. Allison drafted the following report for
2009.
We have audited the balance sheet and statements of income and retained earnings of Optima Corporation as of December 31, 2009. We conducted our audit in accordance with generally accepted accounting standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of misstatement.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly the financial position of Optima Corporation as of December 31, 2009, and the results of its operations for the year then ended in conformity with generally accepted auditing standards, applied on a basis consistent with those of the preceding year.
Allison, CPA
(signed)
Other Information
-Optima is presenting comparative financial statements.
-Optima does not wish to present a statement of cash flows for either year.
-During 2009, Optima changed its method of accounting for long-term construction contracts and properly reflected the effect of the change in the current year's financial statements and restated the prior year's statements. Allison is satisfied with Optima's justification for making the change. The change is discussed in footnote 12.
- Allison was unable to perform normal accounts receivable confirmation procedures, but alternative procedures were used to satisfy Allison as to the existence of the receivables.
-Optima Corporation is the defendant in a litigation, the outcome of which is highly uncertain. If the case is settled in favor of the plaintiff, Optima will be required to pay a substantial amount of cash, which might require the sale of certain fixed assets. The litigation and the possible effects have been properly disclosed in footnote 11.
-Optima issued debentures on January 31, 2008, in the amount of $10 million. The funds obtained from the issuance were used to finance the expansion of plant facilities. The debenture agreement restricts the payment of future cash dividends to earnings after December 31, 2013. Optima declined to disclose this essential data in the footnotes to the financial statements.
Required:
a. Identify and explain any items included in "Other Information" that need not be part of the auditor's report.
b. Explain the deficiencies in Allison's report as drafted.
Click here for the solution: Allison, CPA has completed the audit of the financial statements of Optima Corporation as of and for the year ended December 31, 2009
We have audited the balance sheet and statements of income and retained earnings of Optima Corporation as of December 31, 2009. We conducted our audit in accordance with generally accepted accounting standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of misstatement.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly the financial position of Optima Corporation as of December 31, 2009, and the results of its operations for the year then ended in conformity with generally accepted auditing standards, applied on a basis consistent with those of the preceding year.
Allison, CPA
(signed)
Other Information
-Optima is presenting comparative financial statements.
-Optima does not wish to present a statement of cash flows for either year.
-During 2009, Optima changed its method of accounting for long-term construction contracts and properly reflected the effect of the change in the current year's financial statements and restated the prior year's statements. Allison is satisfied with Optima's justification for making the change. The change is discussed in footnote 12.
- Allison was unable to perform normal accounts receivable confirmation procedures, but alternative procedures were used to satisfy Allison as to the existence of the receivables.
-Optima Corporation is the defendant in a litigation, the outcome of which is highly uncertain. If the case is settled in favor of the plaintiff, Optima will be required to pay a substantial amount of cash, which might require the sale of certain fixed assets. The litigation and the possible effects have been properly disclosed in footnote 11.
-Optima issued debentures on January 31, 2008, in the amount of $10 million. The funds obtained from the issuance were used to finance the expansion of plant facilities. The debenture agreement restricts the payment of future cash dividends to earnings after December 31, 2013. Optima declined to disclose this essential data in the footnotes to the financial statements.
Required:
a. Identify and explain any items included in "Other Information" that need not be part of the auditor's report.
b. Explain the deficiencies in Allison's report as drafted.
Click here for the solution: Allison, CPA has completed the audit of the financial statements of Optima Corporation as of and for the year ended December 31, 2009
Tuesday, September 8, 2015
The following are two specific balance-related audit objectives in the audit of accounts payable
Auditing P 6-29 The following are two specific balance-related audit objectives in the audit of accounts payable. The list referred to is the list of accounts payable taken from the accounts payable master file. The total of the list equals the accounts payable balance on the general ledger.
1. All accounts payable included on the list represent amounts due to valid vendors.
2. There are no unrecorded accounts payable.
Required:
a. Explain the difference between these two specific balance-related audit objectives.
b. Which of these two specific balance-related audit objectives applies to the general balance-related audit objective of existence, and which one applies to completeness?
c. For the audit of accounts payable, which of these two specific balance-related audit objectives is usually be more important? Explain.
Click here for the solution: The following are two specific balance-related audit objectives in the audit of accounts payable
1. All accounts payable included on the list represent amounts due to valid vendors.
2. There are no unrecorded accounts payable.
Required:
a. Explain the difference between these two specific balance-related audit objectives.
b. Which of these two specific balance-related audit objectives applies to the general balance-related audit objective of existence, and which one applies to completeness?
c. For the audit of accounts payable, which of these two specific balance-related audit objectives is usually be more important? Explain.
Click here for the solution: The following are two specific balance-related audit objectives in the audit of accounts payable
The following are specific presentation and disclosure-related audit objectives applied to presentation
Auditing P 6-28 The following are specific presentation and
disclosure-related audit objectives applied to presentation and
disclosure for fixed assets (a through d) and management assertions (1
through 4).
Specific Presentation and Disclosure-Relatd Audit Objective
a. All required disclosures regarding fixed assets have been made.
b. Footnote disclosures related to fixed assets are clear and understandable.
c. Methods and useful lives disclosed for each category of fixed asset are accurate.
d. Disclosed fixed assets dispositions have occurred.
Management Assertion about Presentation and Disclosure
1. Occurrence and rights and obligations
2. Completeness
3. Accuracy and valuation
4. Classification and understandability
Required:
For each specific presentation and disclosure-related audit objective, identify the appropriate management assertion. (Hint: See Table 6-5 on page 161.)
Click here for the solution: The following are specific presentation and disclosure-related audit objectives applied to presentation
Specific Presentation and Disclosure-Relatd Audit Objective
a. All required disclosures regarding fixed assets have been made.
b. Footnote disclosures related to fixed assets are clear and understandable.
c. Methods and useful lives disclosed for each category of fixed asset are accurate.
d. Disclosed fixed assets dispositions have occurred.
Management Assertion about Presentation and Disclosure
1. Occurrence and rights and obligations
2. Completeness
3. Accuracy and valuation
4. Classification and understandability
Required:
For each specific presentation and disclosure-related audit objective, identify the appropriate management assertion. (Hint: See Table 6-5 on page 161.)
Click here for the solution: The following are specific presentation and disclosure-related audit objectives applied to presentation
The following are examples of audit procedures
Auditing P 7-30 The following are examples of audit procedures:
1. Review the accounts receivable with the credit manager to evaluate their collectibility.
2. Stand by the payroll time clock to determine whether any employee "punches in" more than one time.
3. Count inventory items and record the amount in the audit files.
4. Obtain a letter from the clients attorney addressed to the CPA firm stating that the attorney is not aware of any existing lawsuits.
5. Extend the cost of inventory times the quantity on an inventory listing to test whether it is accurate.
6. Obtain a letter from an insurance company to the CPA firm stating the amount of the fire insurance coverage on buildings and equipment.
7. Examine an insurance policy stating the amount of the fire insurance coverage on buildings and equipment.
8. Calculate the ratio of cost of goods sold to sales as a test of overall reasonableness of gross margin relative to the preceding year.
9. Obtain information about internal control by requesting the client to fill out a questionnaire.
10. Trace the total on the cash disbursements journal to the general ledger.
11. Watch employees count inventory to determine whether company procedures are being followed.
12. Examine a piece of equipment to make sure that a major acquisition was actually received and is in operation.
13. Calculate the ratio of sales commission expense to sales as a test of sales commissions.
14. Examine corporate minutes to determine the authorization of the issue of bonds.
15. Obtain a letter from management stating that there are no unrecorded liabilities.
16. Review the total of repairs and maintenance for each month to determine whether any months total was unusually large.
17. Compare a duplicate sales invoice with the sales journal for customer name and amount.
18. Add the sales journal entries to determine whether they were correctly totaled.
19. Make a petty cash count to make sure that the amount of the petty cash fund is intact.
20. Obtain a written statement from a bank stating that the client has $15,671 on deposit and liabilities of $500,000 on a demand note.
Required:
Classify each of the preceding items according to the eight types of audit evidence:
1. physical examination 2. confirmation 3. documentation 4. analytical procedures 5. inquiries 6. recalculation 7. reperformance 8. Observation
Click here for the solution: The following are examples of audit procedures
1. Review the accounts receivable with the credit manager to evaluate their collectibility.
2. Stand by the payroll time clock to determine whether any employee "punches in" more than one time.
3. Count inventory items and record the amount in the audit files.
4. Obtain a letter from the clients attorney addressed to the CPA firm stating that the attorney is not aware of any existing lawsuits.
5. Extend the cost of inventory times the quantity on an inventory listing to test whether it is accurate.
6. Obtain a letter from an insurance company to the CPA firm stating the amount of the fire insurance coverage on buildings and equipment.
7. Examine an insurance policy stating the amount of the fire insurance coverage on buildings and equipment.
8. Calculate the ratio of cost of goods sold to sales as a test of overall reasonableness of gross margin relative to the preceding year.
9. Obtain information about internal control by requesting the client to fill out a questionnaire.
10. Trace the total on the cash disbursements journal to the general ledger.
11. Watch employees count inventory to determine whether company procedures are being followed.
12. Examine a piece of equipment to make sure that a major acquisition was actually received and is in operation.
13. Calculate the ratio of sales commission expense to sales as a test of sales commissions.
14. Examine corporate minutes to determine the authorization of the issue of bonds.
15. Obtain a letter from management stating that there are no unrecorded liabilities.
16. Review the total of repairs and maintenance for each month to determine whether any months total was unusually large.
17. Compare a duplicate sales invoice with the sales journal for customer name and amount.
18. Add the sales journal entries to determine whether they were correctly totaled.
19. Make a petty cash count to make sure that the amount of the petty cash fund is intact.
20. Obtain a written statement from a bank stating that the client has $15,671 on deposit and liabilities of $500,000 on a demand note.
Required:
Classify each of the preceding items according to the eight types of audit evidence:
1. physical examination 2. confirmation 3. documentation 4. analytical procedures 5. inquiries 6. recalculation 7. reperformance 8. Observation
Click here for the solution: The following are examples of audit procedures
Sunday, September 6, 2015
You are the in-charge on the audit of Vandervoort Company and are to review the preceding audit schedule
Auditing P 7-38 You are the in-charge on the audit of Vandervoort Company and are to review the preceding audit schedule.
AND SO ON
Required:
a. List the deficiencies in the audit schedule.
b. For each deficiency, state how the audit schedule could be improved.
c. Prepare an improved audit schedule, using an electronic spreadsheet software program. Include an indication of the audit work done as well as the analysis of the client data.
Click here for the solution: You are the in-charge on the audit of Vandervoort Company and are to review the preceding audit schedule
AND SO ON
Required:
a. List the deficiencies in the audit schedule.
b. For each deficiency, state how the audit schedule could be improved.
c. Prepare an improved audit schedule, using an electronic spreadsheet software program. Include an indication of the audit work done as well as the analysis of the client data.
Click here for the solution: You are the in-charge on the audit of Vandervoort Company and are to review the preceding audit schedule
List two examples of audit evidence the auditor can use in support of each of the following
Auditing P 7-31
List two examples of audit evidence the auditor can use in support of each of the following:
a. Recorded amount of entries in the acquisitions journal
b. Physical existence of inventory
c. Accuracy of accounts receivable
d. Ownership of fixed assets
e. Liability for accounts payable
f. Obsolescence of inventory
g. Existence of petty cash
Click here for the solution: List two examples of audit evidence the auditor can use in support of each of the following
List two examples of audit evidence the auditor can use in support of each of the following:
a. Recorded amount of entries in the acquisitions journal
b. Physical existence of inventory
c. Accuracy of accounts receivable
d. Ownership of fixed assets
e. Liability for accounts payable
f. Obsolescence of inventory
g. Existence of petty cash
Click here for the solution: List two examples of audit evidence the auditor can use in support of each of the following
The following are various activities an auditor does during audit planning
Auditing P 8-28
The following are various activities an auditor does during audit planning:
1. Send an engagement letter to the client.
2. Tour the client's plant and offices.
3. Compare key ratios for the company to industry competitors.
4. Review managements risk management controls and procedures.
5. Identify potential related parties that may require disclosure.
6. Identify whether any specialists are required for the engagement.
7. Review accounting principles unique to the clients industry.
8. Determine the likely users of the financial statements.
Required:
For each procedure, indicate which of the first four parts of audit planning the procedure primarily relates to:
1. accept client and perform initial audit planning;
2. understand the clients business and industry;
3. assess client business risk;
4. perform preliminary analytical procedures.
Click here for the solution: The following are various activities an auditor does during audit planning
The following are various activities an auditor does during audit planning:
1. Send an engagement letter to the client.
2. Tour the client's plant and offices.
3. Compare key ratios for the company to industry competitors.
4. Review managements risk management controls and procedures.
5. Identify potential related parties that may require disclosure.
6. Identify whether any specialists are required for the engagement.
7. Review accounting principles unique to the clients industry.
8. Determine the likely users of the financial statements.
Required:
For each procedure, indicate which of the first four parts of audit planning the procedure primarily relates to:
1. accept client and perform initial audit planning;
2. understand the clients business and industry;
3. assess client business risk;
4. perform preliminary analytical procedures.
Click here for the solution: The following are various activities an auditor does during audit planning
Wednesday, September 2, 2015
Analytical procedures are an important part of the audit process and consist of the evaluation of financial information
Auditing P 8-31 Analytical procedures are an important part of the audit process and consist of the evaluation of financial information by the study of plausible relationships among financial and nonfinancial data. Analytical procedures may be done during planning, as a substantive test, or as a part of the overall review of an audit.
The following are various statements regarding the use of analytical procedures:
1. Not required during this stage.
2. Should focus on enhancing the auditor’s understanding of the client’s business and the transactions and events that have occurred since the last audit date.
3. Should focus on identifying areas that may represent specific risks relevant to the audit.
4. Do not result in detection of misstatements.
5. Designed to obtain evidential matter about particular assertions related to account balances or classes of transactions.
6. Generally use data aggregated at a lower level than the other stages.
7. Should include reading the financial statements and notes to consider the adequacy of evidence gathered.
8. Involve reconciliation of confirmation replies with recorded book amounts.
9. Use the preliminary or unadjusted working trial balance as a source of data.
10. Expected to result in a reduced level of detection risk.
Required
For each of the 10 statements, select the stage of the audit for which the statement is most accurate using the following responses:
1. Planning the audit
2. Substantive testing
3. Overall review
4. Statement is not correct concerning analytical procedures.*
Click here for the solution: Analytical procedures are an important part of the audit process and consist of the evaluation of financial information
The following are various statements regarding the use of analytical procedures:
1. Not required during this stage.
2. Should focus on enhancing the auditor’s understanding of the client’s business and the transactions and events that have occurred since the last audit date.
3. Should focus on identifying areas that may represent specific risks relevant to the audit.
4. Do not result in detection of misstatements.
5. Designed to obtain evidential matter about particular assertions related to account balances or classes of transactions.
6. Generally use data aggregated at a lower level than the other stages.
7. Should include reading the financial statements and notes to consider the adequacy of evidence gathered.
8. Involve reconciliation of confirmation replies with recorded book amounts.
9. Use the preliminary or unadjusted working trial balance as a source of data.
10. Expected to result in a reduced level of detection risk.
Required
For each of the 10 statements, select the stage of the audit for which the statement is most accurate using the following responses:
1. Planning the audit
2. Substantive testing
3. Overall review
4. Statement is not correct concerning analytical procedures.*
Click here for the solution: Analytical procedures are an important part of the audit process and consist of the evaluation of financial information
16-41 (Choosing the Type of Opinion) Several independent audit situations are presented here
16-41 (Choosing the Type of Opinion) Several independent audit situations are presented here. Assume that everything other than what is described would have resulted in an unqualified opinion.
Required
Indicate the type of opinion you believe should be expressed in each situation, and explain your choice. If an explanatory paragraph is needed, indicate whether it should precede or follow the opinion paragraph.
a. The auditor was unable to obtain confirmations from two of the client's major customers that were included in the sample. These customers wrote on the confirmation letters that they were unable to confirm the balances because of their accounting systems. The auditor was able to become satisfied by other audit procedures.
b. The client treated a lease as an operating lease, but the auditor believes it should have been accounted for as a capital lease.The effects are material.
c. The client changed from FIFO to LIFO this year.The effect is material. Assume:
1. The change was properly accounted for, justified, and disclosed.
2. The change was properly accounted for and disclosed, but was not properly justified.
d. The client restricted the auditor from observing the physical inventory. Inventory is a material item.
e. The client is engaged in a product liability lawsuit that is properly accounted for and adequately described in the footnotes. The lawsuit does not threaten the going concern assumption, but an adverse decision by the court could create a material obligation for the client.
f. The status of the client as a going concern is extremely doubtful. The problems are properly described in the footnotes.
g. One of your client's subsidiaries was audited by another audit firm, whose opinion was qualified because of a GAAP violation.You do not believe that the GAAP violation is material to the consolidated financial statements on which you are expressing an opinion.
h. You are convinced that your client is violating another company's patent in the process of manufacturing its only product.The client will not disclose this, because it does not want to wave a red flag and bring this violation to the other company's attention.
i. The client, with reasonable justification, has changed its method of accounting for depreciation for all factory and office equipment.The effect of this change is not material to the current year financial statements, but is likely to have a material effect in future years. The client's management will not disclose this change because of the immaterial effect on the current-year statements.You have been unable to persuade management to make the disclosure.
Click here for the solution: 16-41 (Choosing the Type of Opinion) Several independent audit situations are presented here
Required
Indicate the type of opinion you believe should be expressed in each situation, and explain your choice. If an explanatory paragraph is needed, indicate whether it should precede or follow the opinion paragraph.
a. The auditor was unable to obtain confirmations from two of the client's major customers that were included in the sample. These customers wrote on the confirmation letters that they were unable to confirm the balances because of their accounting systems. The auditor was able to become satisfied by other audit procedures.
b. The client treated a lease as an operating lease, but the auditor believes it should have been accounted for as a capital lease.The effects are material.
c. The client changed from FIFO to LIFO this year.The effect is material. Assume:
1. The change was properly accounted for, justified, and disclosed.
2. The change was properly accounted for and disclosed, but was not properly justified.
d. The client restricted the auditor from observing the physical inventory. Inventory is a material item.
e. The client is engaged in a product liability lawsuit that is properly accounted for and adequately described in the footnotes. The lawsuit does not threaten the going concern assumption, but an adverse decision by the court could create a material obligation for the client.
f. The status of the client as a going concern is extremely doubtful. The problems are properly described in the footnotes.
g. One of your client's subsidiaries was audited by another audit firm, whose opinion was qualified because of a GAAP violation.You do not believe that the GAAP violation is material to the consolidated financial statements on which you are expressing an opinion.
h. You are convinced that your client is violating another company's patent in the process of manufacturing its only product.The client will not disclose this, because it does not want to wave a red flag and bring this violation to the other company's attention.
i. The client, with reasonable justification, has changed its method of accounting for depreciation for all factory and office equipment.The effect of this change is not material to the current year financial statements, but is likely to have a material effect in future years. The client's management will not disclose this change because of the immaterial effect on the current-year statements.You have been unable to persuade management to make the disclosure.
Click here for the solution: 16-41 (Choosing the Type of Opinion) Several independent audit situations are presented here
16-40 (Critique an Audit Report Qualified for a Scope Limitation, LO 3) You are a senior auditor working for Rittenberg & Schwieger, CPAs
16-40 (Critique an Audit Report Qualified for a Scope Limitation, LO 3) You are a senior auditor working for Rittenberg & Schwieger, CPAs. Your staff assistant has drafted the following audit report. You believe the scope limitation is significant enough to qualify the opinion, but not to disclaim an opinion.
To Joseph Halberg, Controller
Billings Container Company, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of Billings Container Company and the related statements of income, retained earnings, and statement of changes in financial position as of December 31, 2007. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management.
Except as discussed in the following paragraph, we conducted our audit in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain assurance about whether the financial statements are free of misstatement. An audit includes examining evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. We were unable to obtain sufficient competent evidence of the fair market value of the Company's investment in a real estate venture due to the unique nature of the venture. The investment is accounted for using the equity method and is stated at $450,000 and $398,000 at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
In our opinion, except for the above-mentioned limitation on the scope of our audit, the financial statements referred to above present fairly the financial position of Billings Container Company as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America.
/s/Bradley Schwieger, CPA
St. Cloud, MN
December 31, 2007
Required:
Identify the deficiencies in this draft, and state how each deficiency should be corrected. Organize your answer around the components of the audit report (introductory paragraph, scope paragraph, and so on).
Click here for the solution: 16-40 (Critique an Audit Report Qualified for a Scope Limitation, LO 3) You are a senior auditor working for Rittenberg & Schwieger, CPAs
To Joseph Halberg, Controller
Billings Container Company, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of Billings Container Company and the related statements of income, retained earnings, and statement of changes in financial position as of December 31, 2007. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management.
Except as discussed in the following paragraph, we conducted our audit in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain assurance about whether the financial statements are free of misstatement. An audit includes examining evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. We were unable to obtain sufficient competent evidence of the fair market value of the Company's investment in a real estate venture due to the unique nature of the venture. The investment is accounted for using the equity method and is stated at $450,000 and $398,000 at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
In our opinion, except for the above-mentioned limitation on the scope of our audit, the financial statements referred to above present fairly the financial position of Billings Container Company as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America.
/s/Bradley Schwieger, CPA
St. Cloud, MN
December 31, 2007
Required:
Identify the deficiencies in this draft, and state how each deficiency should be corrected. Organize your answer around the components of the audit report (introductory paragraph, scope paragraph, and so on).
Click here for the solution: 16-40 (Critique an Audit Report Qualified for a Scope Limitation, LO 3) You are a senior auditor working for Rittenberg & Schwieger, CPAs
Monday, August 31, 2015
For each of the following problems, provide an audit procedure that would have identified the problem
Problem 10-28 For each of the following problems, provide an audit procedure that would have identified the problem.
(a) The allowance for doubtful accounts estimated by management is too small.
(b) Cash received in payment of an account receivable is deposited in the bank in the current period but is not posted to the accounts receivable record, trial balance, or general ledger until the subsequent period.
(c) For a month, sales are transacted using an outdated price list with amounts that are too low. The transactions are recorded accurately based on the price list used. Management is not aware the problem occurred.
(d) Cash for the exact amounts of sales are regularly pocketed by employees and not recorded on the sales terminal. Customers do not ask for receipts.
(e) Management records false sales close to year end and posts them as Accounts Receivable.
(f) Sales on account for services that take place in the first two days of the subsequent year are posted in the current year.
Click here for the solution: For each of the following problems, provide an audit procedure that would have identified the problem
(a) The allowance for doubtful accounts estimated by management is too small.
(b) Cash received in payment of an account receivable is deposited in the bank in the current period but is not posted to the accounts receivable record, trial balance, or general ledger until the subsequent period.
(c) For a month, sales are transacted using an outdated price list with amounts that are too low. The transactions are recorded accurately based on the price list used. Management is not aware the problem occurred.
(d) Cash for the exact amounts of sales are regularly pocketed by employees and not recorded on the sales terminal. Customers do not ask for receipts.
(e) Management records false sales close to year end and posts them as Accounts Receivable.
(f) Sales on account for services that take place in the first two days of the subsequent year are posted in the current year.
Click here for the solution: For each of the following problems, provide an audit procedure that would have identified the problem
Sam is a senior auditor on the integrated audit of the Patriots Dynasty Corporation and is in charge of designing tests for the ICFR and financial statement audits
Problem 13-31 Sam is a senior auditor on the integrated audit of the Patriots Dynasty Corporation and is in charge of designing tests for the ICFR and financial statement audits. You are the staff auditor on the engagement. Sam asks you to make a start on the audit program for the human resources and payroll tests.
Required: Create a chart with two columns. Column A (shown below) lists different types of tests the team can utilize for testing ICFR and financial statement audits. In Column B give one example for each type of test listed in Column (a).
Column A Column B
Tests of controls for human resources transactions
Tests of controls for payroll cash disbursements
Dual purpose tests for human resources transactions
Dual purpose tests for payroll disbursements
Substantive analytical procedures for payroll-related expenses
Substantive analytical procedures for payroll-related liabilities
Tests of details of balances for payroll-related expenses
Tests of details of balances for payroll-related liabilities
Click here for the solution: Sam is a senior auditor on the integrated audit of the Patriots Dynasty Corporation and is in charge of designing tests for the ICFR and financial statement audits
Required: Create a chart with two columns. Column A (shown below) lists different types of tests the team can utilize for testing ICFR and financial statement audits. In Column B give one example for each type of test listed in Column (a).
Column A Column B
Tests of controls for human resources transactions
Tests of controls for payroll cash disbursements
Dual purpose tests for human resources transactions
Dual purpose tests for payroll disbursements
Substantive analytical procedures for payroll-related expenses
Substantive analytical procedures for payroll-related liabilities
Tests of details of balances for payroll-related expenses
Tests of details of balances for payroll-related liabilities
Click here for the solution: Sam is a senior auditor on the integrated audit of the Patriots Dynasty Corporation and is in charge of designing tests for the ICFR and financial statement audits
Tests of account balances are intended to obtain audit evidence about the fairness of the inventory accounts
Problem 14-31 Tests of account balances are intended to obtain audit evidence about the fairness of the inventory accounts or, alternatively, identify material misstatements in the amounts presented. Audit procedures can only be selected after the auditor determines specific audit objectives related to management assertions.
Management Assertions
1. Existence or occurrence
2. Completeness
3. Rights and obligations
4. Valuation or allocation
5. Presentation and disclosure
Required: For each audit procedure below, identify the related management assertion(s) that the audit procedure tests and explain the audit objective of the procedure.
(a) Trace totals of inventory files to the general ledger, including proper classification as raw materials, WIP, or finished goods.
(b) Test additions to inventory by selecting a sample of recorded purchases from the inventory records and examining supporting documents.
(c) Review consignment contracts and scan inventory records for inclusion of amounts for any consigned items not owned.
(c) Reperform calculations supporting decisions about write-downs or write-offs of inventory and trace any adjustment amounts to the inventory records.
(d) Using computer-assisted auditing techniques reperform calculations testing mathematical accuracy, including totals extensions of price and quantity and unit or batch aggregations; recalculation is based on appropriate application of the client costing method (FIFO, LIFO, weighted average, specific identification, etc.).
Click here for the solution: Tests of account balances are intended to obtain audit evidence about the fairness of the inventory accounts
Management Assertions
1. Existence or occurrence
2. Completeness
3. Rights and obligations
4. Valuation or allocation
5. Presentation and disclosure
Required: For each audit procedure below, identify the related management assertion(s) that the audit procedure tests and explain the audit objective of the procedure.
(a) Trace totals of inventory files to the general ledger, including proper classification as raw materials, WIP, or finished goods.
(b) Test additions to inventory by selecting a sample of recorded purchases from the inventory records and examining supporting documents.
(c) Review consignment contracts and scan inventory records for inclusion of amounts for any consigned items not owned.
(c) Reperform calculations supporting decisions about write-downs or write-offs of inventory and trace any adjustment amounts to the inventory records.
(d) Using computer-assisted auditing techniques reperform calculations testing mathematical accuracy, including totals extensions of price and quantity and unit or batch aggregations; recalculation is based on appropriate application of the client costing method (FIFO, LIFO, weighted average, specific identification, etc.).
Click here for the solution: Tests of account balances are intended to obtain audit evidence about the fairness of the inventory accounts
For the year ended 2010, Jocelyn Morris, CPA, has been engaged to audit Rogers, Inc., which is a continuing client
Problem 15-40 For the year ended 2010, Jocelyn Morris, CPA, has been engaged to audit Rogers, Inc., which is a continuing client. Jocelyn has assessed the control risk for the company at the maximum for all financial statement assertions involving investments. Consequently, the ICFR audit report will indicate material weaknesses and rather than relying on ICFR during the financial statement audit, all audit evidence will come from substantive procedures. Jocelyn determines that Rogers is unable to exercise significant influence over any investee and there are no related parties.
Morris receives an investment analysis from Rogers’s management revealing the following:
• There is a notation indicating that all securities either are in the treasurer’s safe or held by an independent bank custodian.
• Investments are classified as current or non-current.
• The beginning and ending balances are shown at cost and market.
• Unamortized premiums or discounts are associated with bonds.
• The face amount of bonds or number of shares of stock are given for the beginning and ending of the year.
• Accrued investment income for each investment at the beginning and ending of the year is presented.
• Investment income earned and collected is presented.
• Valuation allowances at the beginning and ending of the year are shown.
• Any sales or additions to portfolios for the year include date, number of shares, face amount of bonds, proceeds, cost, and realized gain/loss.
Required: Explain the audit objective for each of the listed management financial statement assertions relative to investments.
Assertion Audit Objective
1. Existence
2. Completeness
3. Rights
4. Valuation/allocation
Presentation and Disclosure
Click here for the solution: For the year ended 2010, Jocelyn Morris, CPA, has been engaged to audit Rogers, Inc., which is a continuing client
Morris receives an investment analysis from Rogers’s management revealing the following:
• There is a notation indicating that all securities either are in the treasurer’s safe or held by an independent bank custodian.
• Investments are classified as current or non-current.
• The beginning and ending balances are shown at cost and market.
• Unamortized premiums or discounts are associated with bonds.
• The face amount of bonds or number of shares of stock are given for the beginning and ending of the year.
• Accrued investment income for each investment at the beginning and ending of the year is presented.
• Investment income earned and collected is presented.
• Valuation allowances at the beginning and ending of the year are shown.
• Any sales or additions to portfolios for the year include date, number of shares, face amount of bonds, proceeds, cost, and realized gain/loss.
Required: Explain the audit objective for each of the listed management financial statement assertions relative to investments.
Assertion Audit Objective
1. Existence
2. Completeness
3. Rights
4. Valuation/allocation
Presentation and Disclosure
Click here for the solution: For the year ended 2010, Jocelyn Morris, CPA, has been engaged to audit Rogers, Inc., which is a continuing client
Sunday, August 23, 2015
Bill Novak is working on an audit of an iGAAP client
Bill Novak is working on an audit of an iGAAP client. In his review of the client’s interim reports, he notes that the reports are prepared on a discrete basis. That is, each interim report is viewed as a distinct period. Is this acceptable under iGAAP? If so, explain how that treatment could affect comparisons to U.S. GAAP company?
Click here for the solution: Bill Novak is working on an audit of an iGAAP client
Click here for the solution: Bill Novak is working on an audit of an iGAAP client
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