Allen Labinski has prepared the following list of statements about process cost accounting

E3-1 Allen Labinski has prepared the following list of statements about process cost accounting. Identify each statement as true or false. If false, indicate how to correct the statement.

1. Process cost systems are used to apply costs to similar products that are mass-produced in a continuous fashion.
2. A process cost system is used when each finished unit is indistinguishable from another.
3. Companies that produce soft drinks, motion pictures, and computers chips would all use process cost accounting.
4. In a process cost system, costs are tracked by individual jobs.
5. Job order costing and process costing track different manufacturing costs elements.
6. Both job order costing and process costing account for direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead.
7. Costs flow through the accounts in the same basic way for both job order costing and process costing.
8. In a process cost system, only one work in process account is used.
9. In a process cost system, costs are summarized in a job cost sheet.
10. In a process cost system, the unit cost is total manufacturing costs for the period divided by the units produced during the period.

NOTE: Fill in the table below with your responses; write correction for false statements below the table:

Click here for the solution: Allen Labinski has prepared the following list of statements about process cost accounting

Financial statement information about four different companies is as follows

ACC 557 Week 1 Assignment

P1–5A Financial statement information about four different companies is as follows.

Instructions
(a) Determine the missing amounts. (Hint: For example, to solve for (a), Assets _ Liabilities _ Stockholders’ Equity _ $45,000.)
(b) Prepare the retained earnings statement for Yates Company. Assume beginning retained earnings was $20,000.
(c) Write a memorandum explaining the sequence for preparing financial statements and the interrelationship of the retained earnings statement to the income statement and balance sheet.

Karma Yates McCain Dench
Company Company Company Company
January 1, 2008
Assets $ 95,000 $110,000 (g) $170,000
Liabilities 50,000 (d) 75,000 ( j)
Stockholders’ equity (a) 60,000 45,000 90,000
December 31, 2008
Assets (b) 137,000 200,000 (k)
Liabilities 55,000 75,000 (h) 80,000
Stockholders’ equity 60,000 (e) 130,000 170,000
Stockholders’ equity changes in year
Additional investment (c) 15,000 10,000 15,000
Dividends 25,000 (f) 14,000 20,000
Total revenues 350,000 420,000 (i) 520,000
Total expenses 320,000 385,000 342,000 (l)

Click here for the solution: Financial statement information about four different companies is as follows

Bonita Corp. is thinking about opening a soccer camp in southern California

ACC 560 Week 8 Assignment

P12-5A Bonita Corp. is thinking about opening a soccer camp in southern California. To start the camp, Bonita would need to purchase land and build four soccer fields and a sleeping and dining facility to house 150 soccer players. Each year the camp would be run for 8 sessions of 1 week each. The company would hire college soccer players as coaches. The camp attendees would be male and female soccer players ages 12-18. Property values in southern California have enjoyed a steady increase in value. It is expected that after using the facility for 20 years, Bonita can sell the property for more than it was originally purchased for. The following amounts have been estimated.

Cost of land $300,000
Cost to build dorm and dining facility $600,000
Annual cash inflows assuming 150 players and 8 weeks $950,000
Annual cash outflows $840,000
Estimated useful life 20 years
Salvage value $1,500,000
Discount rate 8%

Instructions
a) Calculate the net present value of the project. Should the project be accepted?
b) To gauge the sensitivity of the project to these estimates, assume that if only 125 campers attend each week, annual cash inflows will be $800,000 and annual cash outflows will be $770,000. What is the net present value using these alternative estimates? Should the project be accepted?
c) Assuming the original facts, what is the net present value if the project is actually riskier than first assumed, and a 11% discount rate is more appropriate? Should the project be accepted?
d) Assume that during the first 5 years the annual net cash flows each year were only $45,000. At the end of the fifth year the company is running low on cash, so management decides to sell the property for $1,300,000. What was the actual internal rate of return on the project?


Click here for the solution: Bonita Corp. is thinking about opening a soccer camp in southern California

Argentine Partners is concerned about the possible effects of inflation on its operations

Argentine Partners is concerned about the possible effects of inflation on its operations. Presently, the company sells 60,000 units for $30 per unit. The variable production costs are $15 and fixed costs amount to $700,000. Production engineers have advised management that they expect unit labor costs to rise by 15 percent and unit materials costs to rise by 10 percent in the coming year. Of the $15 variable costs, 50 percent are from labor and 25 percent are from materials. Variable overhead costs are expected to increase by 20 percent. Sales prices cannot increase more than 10 percent. It is also expected that fixed costs will rise by 5 percent as a result of increased taxes and other miscellaneous fixed charges. The company wishes to maintain the same level of profit in real dollar terms. It is expected that to accomplish this objective, profits must increase by 6 percent during the year.

a. Compute the volume in units and the dollar sales level necessary to maintain the present profit level, assuming that the maximum price increase is implemented.

b. Compute the volume of sales and the dollar sales level necessary to provide the 6 percent increase in profits, assuming that the maximum price increase is implemented.

c. If the volume of sales were to remain at 60,000 units, what price would be required to attain the 6 percent increase in profits?


Click here for the solution: Argentine Partners is concerned about the possible effects of inflation on its operations

The board of trustees of a local church is concerned about the internal accounting controls pertaining

The board of trustees of a local church is concerned about the internal accounting controls pertaining to the offering collections made at weekly services. They ask you to serve on a three-person audit team with the internal auditor of the university and a CPA who has just joined the church. At a meeting of the audit team and the board of trustees you learn the following.

1. The church’s board of trustees has delegated responsibility for the financial management and audit of the financial records to the finance committee. This group prepares the annual budget and approves major disbursements but is not involved in collections or recordkeeping. No audit has been made in recent years because the same trusted employee has kept church records and served as financial secretary for 15 years. The church does not carry any fidelity insurance.
2. The collection at the weekly service is taken by a team of ushers who volunteer to serve for 1 month. The ushers take the collection plates to a basement office at the rear of the church. They hand their plates to the head usher and return to the church service. After all plates have been turned in, the head usher counts the cash received. The head usher then places the cash in the church safe along with a notation of the amount counted. The head usher volunteers to serve for 3 months.
3. The next morning the financial secretary opens the safe and recounts the collection. The secretary withholds $150 – $200 in cash, depending on the cash expenditures expected for the week, and deposits the remainder of the collections in the bank. To facilitate the deposit, church members who contribute by check are asked to make their checks payable to “Cash.”
4. Each month the financial secretary reconciles the bank statement and submits a copy of the reconciliation to the board of trustees. The reconciliations have rarely contained any bank errors and have never shown any errors per books.

Instructions
(a) Indicate the weaknesses in internal accounting control in the handling of collections.
(b) List the improvements in internal control procedures that you plan to make at the next meeting of the audit team for (1) the ushers, (2) the head usher, (3) the financial secretary, and (4) the finance committee.
(c) What church policies should be changed to improve internal control?


Click here for the solution: The board of trustees of a local church is concerned about the internal accounting controls pertaining

Jim Thome has prepared the following list of statements about bonds

ACC 291 Week 3 Assignment

E10-8 Jim Thome has prepared the following list of statements about bonds.

1. Bonds are a form of interest bearing notes payable.
2. When seeking long term financing, an advantage of issuing bonds over issuing common stock is that stockholder control is not affected.
3. When seeking long term financing, an advantage of issuing common stock over issuing bonds is that tax savings result.
4. Secured bonds have specific assets of the issuer pledged as collateral for the bonds.
5. Secured bonds are also known as debenture bonds.
6. Bonds that mature in installments are called term bonds.
7. A conversion feature may be added to bonds to make them more attractive to bond buyers.
8. The rate used to determine the amount of cash interest the borrower pays is called the stated rate.
9. Bond prices are usually quoted as a percentage of the face value of the bond.
10. The present value of a bond is the value at which it should sell in the marketplace.

Instructions
Identify each statement above as true or false. If false, indicate how to correct the statement.


Click here for the solution: Jim Thome has prepared the following list of statements about bonds

Max Weinberg is studying for an accounting test and has developed the following questions about investments

ACC 291 Week 4 Assignment

E12-1 Max Weinberg is studying for an accounting test and has developed the following questions about investments.
1. What are three reasons why companies purchase investments in debt or stock securities?
2. Why would a corporation have excess cash that it does not need for operations?
3. What is the typical investment when investing cash for short periods of time?
4. What are the typical investments when investing cash to generate earnings?
5. Why would a company invest in securities that provide no current cash flows?
6. What is the typical stock investment when investing cash for strategic reasons?

Instructions
Provide answers for Max.


Click here for the solution: Max Weinberg is studying for an accounting test and has developed the following questions about investments

Argentina Partners is concerned about the possible effects of inflation on its operation

Argentina Partners is concerned about the possible effects of inflation on its operation. Presently, the company sells 60,000 units for $30 per unit. The variable production costs are $15, and fixed costs amount to $700,000. Production engineers have advised management that they expect unit labor cost to rise by 15 percent and unit materials cost to rise by 10 percent in the coming year. Of the $15 variable cost, 50 percent are from labor and 25 percent are from material. Variable overhead costs are expected to increase by 20 percent. Sales prices cannot increase more than 10 percent. It is also expected that fixed cost will rise by 5 percent as a result of increased taxes and other miscellaneous fixed charges.

The company wishes to maintain the same level of profit in real dollar terms. It is expected that to accomplish this objective, profits must increase by 6 percent during the year.

Required
a. Compute the volume in units and the dollars sales level necessary to maintain the present profit level, assuming that the maximum price increase is implemented.
b. Compute the volume of sales and the dollar sales level necessary to provide the 6 percent increase in profits, assuming that the maximum price increases is implemented.
c. If the volume of dales were to remain at 60,000 units, what price increase would be required to attain the 6 percent increase in profits?


Click here for the solution: Argentina Partners is concerned about the possible effects of inflation on its operation

Tests of account balances are intended to obtain audit evidence about the fairness of the inventory accounts

Problem 14-31 Tests of account balances are intended to obtain audit evidence about the fairness of the inventory accounts or, alternatively, identify material misstatements in the amounts presented. Audit procedures can only be selected after the auditor determines specific audit objectives related to management assertions.

Management Assertions
1. Existence or occurrence
2. Completeness
3. Rights and obligations
4. Valuation or allocation
5. Presentation and disclosure

Required: For each audit procedure below, identify the related management assertion(s) that the audit procedure tests and explain the audit objective of the procedure.
(a) Trace totals of inventory files to the general ledger, including proper classification as raw materials, WIP, or finished goods.
(b) Test additions to inventory by selecting a sample of recorded purchases from the inventory records and examining supporting documents.
(c) Review consignment contracts and scan inventory records for inclusion of amounts for any consigned items not owned.
(c) Reperform calculations supporting decisions about write-downs or write-offs of inventory and trace any adjustment amounts to the inventory records.
(d) Using computer-assisted auditing techniques reperform calculations testing mathematical accuracy, including totals extensions of price and quantity and unit or batch aggregations; recalculation is based on appropriate application of the client costing method (FIFO, LIFO, weighted average, specific identification, etc.).


Click here for the solution: Tests of account balances are intended to obtain audit evidence about the fairness of the inventory accounts

John Fleming, chief administrator for Valley View Hospital, is concerned about the costs for tests in the hospital's lab

John Fleming, chief administrator for Valley View Hospital, is concerned about the costs for tests in the hospital's lab. Charges for lab tests are consistently higher at Valley View than at other hospitals and have resulted in many complaints. Also, because of strict regulations on amounts reimbursed for lab tests, payments received from insurance companies and governmental units have not been high enough to cover lab costs.

Mr. Fleming has asked you to evaluate costs in the hospital's lab for the past month. The following information is available:

• Two types of tests are performed in the lab-blood tests and smears. During the past month, 1,800 blood tests and 2,400 smears were performed in the lab. Small glass plates are used in both types of tests. During the past month, the hospital purchased 12,000 plates at a cost of $28,200. This cost is net of a 6% quantity discount. 1,500 of these plates were unused at the end of the month; no plates were on hand at the beginning of the month.
• During the past month, 1,150 hours of labor time were recorded in the lab at a cost of $13,800.
• The lab's variable overhead cost last month totaled $7,820.

Valley View Hospital has never used standard costs. By searching industry literature, however, you have determined the following nationwide averages for hospital labs:
Plates: Two plates are required per lab test. These plates cost $2.50 each and are disposed of after the test is completed.
Labor: Each blood test should require 0.3 hours to complete, and each smear should require 0.15 hours to complete. The average cost of this lab time is $14 per hour.
Overhead: Overhead cost is based on direct labor-hours. The average rate for variable overhead is $6 per hour.

1. Compute a materials price variance for the plates purchased last month and a materials quantity variance for the plates used last month.
2. For labor cost in the lab:
• Compute a labor rate variance and a labor efficiency variance.
• In most hospitals, one-half of the workers in the lab are senior technicians and one-half are assistants. In an effort to reduce costs, Valley View Hospital employs only one-fourth senior technicians and three-fourths assistants. Would you recommend that this policy be continued? Explain.
3. Compute the variable overhead rate and efficiency variances. Is there any relation between the variable overhead efficiency variance and the labor efficiency variance? Explain.

Click here for the solution: John Fleming, chief administrator for Valley View Hospital, is concerned about the costs for tests in the hospital's lab

Barbara Whitley had great expectations about her future as she sat in her graduation ceremony in May 2010

4-28 Barbara Whitley had great expectations about her future as she sat in her graduation ceremony in May 2010. She was about to receive her Master of Accountancy degree, and next week she would begin her career on the audit staff of Green, Thresher & Co., CPAs. Things looked a little different to Barbara in February 2011. She was working on the audit of Delancey Fabrics, a textile manufacturer with a calendar year- end. The pressure was enormous. Everyone on the audit team was putting in 70- hour weeks, and it still looked as if the audit wouldn’t be done on time. Barbara was doing work in the property area, vouching additions for the year. The audit program indicated that a sample of all items over $ 20,000 should be selected, plus a judgmental sample of smaller items. When Barbara went to take the sample, Jack Bean, the senior, had left the client’s office and couldn’t answer her questions about the appropriate size of the judgmental sample. Barbara forged ahead with her own judgment and selected 50 smaller items. Her basis for doing this was that there were about 250 such items, so 50 was a reasonably good proportion of such additions. Barbara audited the additions with the following results: The items over $ 20,000 contained no misstatements; however, the 50 small items contained a large number of misstatements. In fact, when Barbara projected them to all such additions, the amount seemed quite significant. A couple of days later, Jack Bean returned to the client’s office. Barbara brought her work to Jack in order to apprise him of the problems she found and got the following response: “ Gosh, Barbara, why did you do this? You were only supposed to look at the items over $ 20,000 plus 5 or 10 little ones. You’ve wasted a whole day on that work, and we can’t afford to spend any more time on it. I want you to throw away the schedules where you tested the last 40 small items and forget you ever did them.”
When Barbara asked about the possible audit adjustment regarding the small items, none of which arose from the first 10 items, Jack responded, “ Don’t worry, it’s not material anyway. You just forget it; it’s my concern, not yours.’’ a. In what way is this an ethical dilemma for Barbara? b. Use the six- step approach discussed in the book to resolve the ethical dilemma.

Click here for the solution: Barbara Whitley had great expectations about her future as she sat in her graduation ceremony in May 2010

Stacy Cummins, the newly hired controller at Merced Home Products, Inc., was disturbed by what she had discovered about the standard costs at the Home Security Division

Case 11-22 (Ethics and the Manager; Rigging Standards) Stacy Cummins, the newly hired controller at Merced Home Products, Inc., was disturbed by what she had discovered about the standard costs at the Home Security Division. In looking over the past several years of quarterly income statements at the Home Security Division, she noticed that the first-quarter profits were always poor, the second-quarter profits were slightly better, the third-quarter profits were again slightly better, and the fourth quarter always ended with a spectacular performance in which the Home Security Division managed to meet or exceed its target profit for the year. She also was concerned to find letters from the company’s external auditors to top management warning about an unusual use of standard costs at the Home Security Division.

When Ms. Cummins ran across these letters, she asked the assistant controller, Gary barber, if he knew what was going on at the Home Security Division. Gary said that it was common knowledge in the company that the vice president in charge of the Home Security Division, Preston Lansing, had rigged the standards at his division in order to produce the same quarterly income pattern every year. According to the company policy, variances are taken directly to the income statement as an adjustment to cost of goods sold.

Favorable variances have the effect of increasing net operating income, and unfavorable variances have the effect of decreasing net operating income. Lansing had rigged the standards so that there were always large favorable variances. Company policy was a little vague about when these variances have to be reported on the divisional income statements. While the intent was clearly to recognize variances on the income statement in the period in which they arise, nothing in the company’s accounting manuals actually explicitly required this. So for many years Lansing had followed a practice of saving up the favorable variances and using them to create a nice smooth pattern of growing profits in the first three quarters, followed by a big “Christmas present” of an extremely good fourth quarter. (Financial reporting regulations forbid carrying variances forward from one year to the next on the annual audited financial statements, so all of the variances must appear on the divisional income statement by the end of the year.)

Ms. Cummins was concerned about these revalations and attempted to bring up the subject with the president of Merced Home Products, but was told that “we all know what Landing’s doing, but as long as he continues to turn in such good reports, don’t bother him.” When Ms. Cummins asked if the board of directors was aware of the situation, the president somewhat testily replied, “Of course they are aware.”

Required:
1. How did Preston Lansing probably “rig” the standard costs – are the standards set too high or too low? Explain.
2. Should Preston Lansing be permitted to continue his practice of managing reported profits?
3. What should Stacy Cummins do in this situation?

Click here for the solution: Stacy Cummins, the newly hired controller at Merced Home Products, Inc., was disturbed by what she had discovered about the standard costs at the Home Security Division

Consider the following information about the Dilbert Printing Company

B3. (Book and market values) Consider the following information about the Dilbert Printing Company. All data are in millions of dollars.

BOOK VALUE MARKET VALUE
Assets, December 31, previous year 1,000 2,000
Assets, December 31, latest year 1,200 1,400
Liabilities, December 31, previous year 600 900
Liabilities, December 31, latest year 650 1,050

a. What is the book value of stockholders’ equity at the end of the previous and latest years?
b. What is the market value of stockholders’ equity at the end of the previous and latest years?
c. For the latest year ending December 31, net income was $175 million. If Dilbert paid its stockholders cash dividends of $50 million, what is the total economic income of the stockholders during this year?

Click here for the solution: Consider the following information about the Dilbert Printing Company

The chapter talks about Delphi Company reducing its other postretirement benefits by approximately $500 million because of a change in the law

14-43 The chapter talks about Delphi Company reducing its other postretirement benefits by approximately $500 million because of a change in the law. The federal government will reimburse companies for prescription drug benefits that they provide to their employees who are of Medicare age. The reimbursement is 28% of all prescription drug benefits in excess of $250 per person per year, up to a maximum of $1,300 per person.

Required
a. Identify the process the company would use to identify the liability for postretirement drug benefits. Assume this was done prior to the new federal law. Identify the data the company would need to make the estimate. Identify how the auditor might audit the data.
b. Explain how the auditor would verify the $500 million reduction in liability due to the new federal law.

Click here for the solution: The chapter talks about Delphi Company reducing its other postretirement benefits by approximately $500 million because of a change in the law

After reviewing the month-to-month variances, Panarude senior management became concerned about the increased spending occurring in the last three months of each fiscal year

Panarude Airfreight is an international air freight hauler with more than 45 jet aircraft operating in the United States and the Pacific Rim. The firm is headquartered in Melbourne, Australia, and is organized into five geographic areas: Australia, Japan, Taiwan, Korea, and the United States. Sup-porting these areas are several centralized corporate function services (cost centers): human resources, data processing, fleet acquisition and maintenance, and telecommunications. Each responsibility center has a budget, negotiated at the beginning of the year with the vice president of finance. Funds unspent at the end of the year do not carry over to the next fiscal year. The firm is on a January-to-December fiscal year.

After reviewing the month-to-month variances, Panarude senior management became concerned about the increased spending occurring in the last three months of each fiscal year. In particular, in the first nine months of the year, expenditure accounts typically show favorable variances (actual spending is less than budget), but in the last three months, unfavorable variances are the norm. In an attempt to smooth out these spending patterns, each responsibility center is reviewed at the end of each calendar quarter and any unspent funds can be deleted from the budget for the remainder of the year. The accompanying table shows the budget and actual spending in the telecommunications department for the first quarter of this year.

At the end of the first quarter, telecommunications’ total annual budget for this year can be reduced by $7,000, the total budget underrun in the first quarter. In addition, the remaining nine monthly budgets for telecommunications are reduced by $778 (or $7,000 / 9). If, at the end of the second quarter, telecommunications’ budget shows an unfavorable variance of, say, $8,000 (after the original budget is reduced for the first-quarter underrun), management of telecommunications is held responsible for the entire $8,000 unfavorable variance. The first-quarter underrun is not restored. If the second quarter budget variance is also favorable, the remaining six monthly budgets are each reduced further by one-sixth of the second-quarter favorable budget variance.

Required:
a. What behavior would this budgeting scheme engender in the responsibility center managers?
b. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of the previous budget regime, where any end-of-year budget surpluses do not carry over to the next fiscal year, with the system of quarterly budget adjustments just described.

Click here for the solution: After reviewing the month-to-month variances, Panarude senior management became concerned about the increased spending occurring in the last three months of each fiscal year

Patrick Ross, the president of Ross's Wild Game Company, has asked for information about the cost behavior of manufacturing overhead costs

Patrick Ross, the president of Ross's Wild Game Company, has asked for information about the cost behavior of manufacturing overhead costs. Specifically, he wants to know how much overhead cost is fixed and how much is variable. The following data are the only records available:

Month Machine-hours Overhead Costs
February 1,700 $20,500
March 2,800 22,250
April 1,000 19,950
May 2,500 21,500
June 3,500 23,950

Using the high-low method, determine the overhead cost equation. Use machine-hours as your cost driver.

Click here for the solution: Patrick Ross, the president of Ross's Wild Game Company, has asked for information about the cost behavior of manufacturing overhead costs